| Exam Name | AP Physics Practice Exam |
|---|---|
| Exam Provider | College Board |
| Exam Type | Advanced Placement (AP) High School Exam |
| Total Practice Questions | 120+ Practice Questions (MCQs + Graph-Based + Conceptual Problems) – Updated for 2026 |
| Coverage Topics | • Kinematics (Motion Graphs, Velocity & Acceleration) • Newton’s Laws of Motion & Forces • Work, Energy & Power • Momentum & Collisions • Circular Motion & Gravitation • Waves, Sound & Optics • Electricity & Circuits (Ohm’s Law, Power) • Thermodynamics & Fluids • Modern Physics (Photoelectric Effect, Photons) |
| Question Format | • Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) • Graph-Based & Data Interpretation Questions • Scenario-Based & Conceptual Physics Problems |
| Difficulty Level | Intermediate to Advanced (Aligned with Real AP Physics Exam) |
| Skills Developed | • Problem-solving & quantitative reasoning • Graph analysis (motion, circuits, waves) • Conceptual understanding of physical laws • Application of formulas to real-world scenarios |
| Study Tips | • Master core formulas and units • Practice interpreting motion and circuit graphs • Focus on conceptual understanding, not just memorization • Solve multi-step problems regularly |
| Best For | High school students preparing for AP Physics exam (Score 4–5 target) |
| Updated | 2026 Latest Version |
1.
A car accelerates uniformly from rest at 2 m/s² for 5 seconds. What is its final velocity?
A. 5 m/s
B. 10 m/s
C. 15 m/s
D. 20 m/s
Answer: B. 10 m/s
Rationale: v=at=2×5=10 m/sv = at = 2 × 5 = 10 \, m/s
2.
Which quantity is a vector?
A. Speed
B. Distance
C. Velocity
D. Time
Answer: C
Rationale: Velocity has both magnitude and direction.
3.
An object moves with constant velocity. Its acceleration is:
A. Positive
B. Negative
C. Zero
D. Increasing
Answer: C
Rationale: No change in velocity means zero acceleration.
4.
According to Newton’s Second Law:
A. F = ma
B. F = mv
C. F = m/a
D. F = a/m
Answer: A
Rationale: Force equals mass times acceleration.
5.
A 2 kg object experiences a net force of 10 N. Its acceleration is:
A. 2 m/s²
B. 5 m/s²
C. 10 m/s²
D. 20 m/s²
Answer: B
Rationale: a=F/m=10/2=5 m/s2a = F/m = 10/2 = 5 \, m/s²
6.
What is the unit of work?
A. Watt
B. Joule
C. Newton
D. Pascal
Answer: B
Rationale: Work is measured in joules.
7.
Work is defined as:
A. Force × time
B. Force × distance
C. Mass × acceleration
D. Energy × time
Answer: B
Rationale: Work = force × displacement.
8.
Which energy is due to motion?
A. Potential
B. Thermal
C. Kinetic
D. Chemical
Answer: C
Rationale: Kinetic energy depends on velocity.
9.
Kinetic energy formula is:
A. mv
B. ½mv²
C. mgh
D. Fd
Answer: B
Rationale: KE depends on mass and velocity squared.
10.
Potential energy near Earth is:
A. ½mv²
B. mgh
C. Fd
D. mv
Answer: B
Rationale: Depends on height and gravity.
11.
Momentum is defined as:
A. mv²
B. ma
C. mv
D. Fd
Answer: C
Rationale: Momentum = mass × velocity.
12.
Impulse equals:
A. Force × time
B. Mass × velocity
C. Energy × time
D. Force × distance
Answer: A
Rationale: Impulse changes momentum.
13.
Which law states momentum is conserved?
A. Newton’s 1st
B. Newton’s 2nd
C. Newton’s 3rd
D. Conservation of momentum
Answer: D
Rationale: Momentum remains constant in isolated systems.
14.
A wave transfers:
A. Matter
B. Energy
C. Mass
D. Force
Answer: B
Rationale: Waves carry energy without transporting matter.
15.
Which wave requires a medium?
A. Light
B. Sound
C. X-rays
D. Gamma rays
Answer: B
Rationale: Sound is mechanical.
16.
Frequency is measured in:
A. m/s
B. Hz
C. N
D. J
Answer: B
Rationale: Hertz = cycles per second.
17.
Wave speed formula is:
A. v = fλ
B. v = m/a
C. v = F/m
D. v = d/t
Answer: A
Rationale: Speed = frequency × wavelength.
18.
Which law governs electric force?
A. Newton’s Law
B. Coulomb’s Law
C. Ohm’s Law
D. Faraday’s Law
Answer: B
Rationale: Force between charges.
19.
Electric current is:
A. Voltage
B. Charge flow per time
C. Resistance
D. Energy
Answer: B
Rationale: Current = charge/time.
20.
Unit of current is:
A. Volt
B. Ohm
C. Ampere
D. Watt
Answer: C
Rationale: SI unit of current.
21.
Ohm’s Law is:
A. V = IR
B. V = I/R
C. I = VR
D. R = VI
Answer: A
Rationale: Voltage equals current times resistance.
22.
Which increases resistance?
A. Shorter wire
B. Thicker wire
C. Longer wire
D. Higher voltage
Answer: C
Rationale: Resistance ∝ length.
23.
Power is defined as:
A. Work/time
B. Force/time
C. Energy/distance
D. Velocity/time
Answer: A
Rationale: Rate of doing work.
24.
Unit of power is:
A. Joule
B. Watt
C. Volt
D. Amp
Answer: B
Rationale: 1 watt = 1 J/s.
25.
Which force acts toward Earth’s center?
A. Friction
B. Tension
C. Gravity
D. Normal
Answer: C
Rationale: Gravity pulls objects downward.
26.
Newton’s Third Law states:
A. F = ma
B. Objects resist motion
C. Action-reaction pairs
D. Energy conserved
Answer: C
Rationale: Equal and opposite forces.
27.
Friction opposes:
A. Gravity
B. Motion
C. Energy
D. Mass
Answer: B
Rationale: Resists motion.
28.
Acceleration due to gravity on Earth is:
A. 5 m/s²
B. 9.8 m/s²
C. 12 m/s²
D. 20 m/s²
Answer: B
Rationale: Standard value.
29.
Which quantity is conserved in elastic collisions?
A. Energy only
B. Momentum only
C. Both energy and momentum
D. Neither
Answer: C
Rationale: Both are conserved.
30.
Which type of energy is stored in a stretched spring?
A. Kinetic
B. Thermal
C. Elastic potential
D. Chemical
Answer: C
Rationale: Stored due to deformation.
31.
A velocity–time graph with a positive slope represents:
A. Constant velocity
B. Increasing acceleration
C. Constant acceleration
D. Decreasing velocity
Answer: C. Constant acceleration
Rationale: Slope of v–t graph = acceleration.
32.
The area under a velocity–time graph represents:
A. Acceleration
B. Displacement
C. Force
D. Energy
Answer: B
Rationale: Area = velocity × time = displacement.
33.
An object in free fall has:
A. Increasing velocity
B. Zero acceleration
C. Constant velocity
D. No motion
Answer: A
Rationale: Gravity accelerates the object downward.
34.
A force applied at an angle does work based on:
A. Total force
B. Vertical component
C. Horizontal component
D. Perpendicular component
Answer: C
Rationale: Work depends on force in direction of displacement.
35.
Which situation has zero work done?
A. Lifting a box
B. Pushing a wall
C. Pulling a sled
D. Moving a cart
Answer: B
Rationale: No displacement = no work.
36.
Which has the greatest momentum?
A. Small mass, high speed
B. Large mass, low speed
C. Equal mass and velocity
D. Depends on both mass and velocity
Answer: D
Rationale: Momentum = mv.
37.
Impulse changes:
A. Velocity
B. Acceleration
C. Momentum
D. Energy
Answer: C
Rationale: Impulse = change in momentum.
38.
In an inelastic collision:
A. Momentum not conserved
B. Energy conserved
C. Kinetic energy not conserved
D. Velocity constant
Answer: C
Rationale: Some KE lost.
39.
Which law explains why rockets move forward?
A. Newton’s 1st
B. Newton’s 2nd
C. Newton’s 3rd
D. Conservation of energy
Answer: C
Rationale: Action-reaction forces.
40.
Centripetal force acts:
A. Outward
B. Inward
C. Upward
D. Downward
Answer: B
Rationale: Toward center of circular motion.
41.
Centripetal acceleration depends on:
A. Velocity and radius
B. Mass only
C. Force only
D. Time only
Answer: A
Rationale: a=v2/ra = v^2 / r
42.
Which increases centripetal force?
A. Lower speed
B. Larger radius
C. Higher speed
D. Lower mass
Answer: C
Rationale: Force increases with velocity squared.
43.
Gravitational force depends on:
A. Mass and distance
B. Velocity
C. Time
D. Energy
Answer: A
Rationale: F=Gm1m2r2F = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}
44.
As distance between objects increases, gravity:
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Stays constant
D. Doubles
Answer: B
Rationale: Inverse square relationship.
45.
Which law explains orbiting planets?
A. Newton’s Laws
B. Kepler’s Laws
C. Ohm’s Law
D. Hooke’s Law
Answer: B
Rationale: Describes planetary motion.
46.
Hooke’s Law is:
A. F = ma
B. F = kx
C. V = IR
D. E = mc²
Answer: B
Rationale: Force proportional to displacement.
47.
Which graph is linear for Hooke’s Law?
A. Force vs displacement
B. Velocity vs time
C. Energy vs time
D. Mass vs force
Answer: A
Rationale: Direct proportionality.
48.
Which increases electric force?
A. Smaller charges
B. Larger distance
C. Larger charges
D. Lower voltage
Answer: C
Rationale: Force ∝ charge.
49.
Electric field is:
A. Force per charge
B. Energy per charge
C. Current per time
D. Voltage per resistance
Answer: A
Rationale: E=F/qE = F/q
50.
Voltage is:
A. Current
B. Resistance
C. Energy per charge
D. Power
Answer: C
Rationale: V=W/qV = W/q
51.
In series circuits, current is:
A. Different
B. Same
C. Zero
D. Infinite
Answer: B
Rationale: Same current flows.
52.
In parallel circuits, voltage is:
A. Same
B. Different
C. Zero
D. Infinite
Answer: A
Rationale: Same across branches.
53.
Total resistance in series:
A. Decreases
B. Increases
C. Constant
D. Zero
Answer: B
Rationale: Resistances add.
54.
Total resistance in parallel:
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Same
D. Zero
Answer: B
Rationale: Inverse addition.
55.
Power in circuits is:
A. V/I
B. IV
C. I/R
D. V²
Answer: B
Rationale: P=IVP = IV
56.
Which wave has highest frequency?
A. Radio
B. Microwave
C. Visible
D. Gamma
Answer: D
Rationale: Highest energy waves.
57.
Which wave has longest wavelength?
A. Gamma
B. X-ray
C. Radio
D. UV
Answer: C
Rationale: Lowest frequency.
58.
Refraction occurs when:
A. Light reflects
B. Light bends
C. Light stops
D. Light disappears
Answer: B
Rationale: Change in medium.
59.
Which law describes reflection?
A. Angle in = angle out
B. F = ma
C. V = IR
D. E = mc²
Answer: A
Rationale: Equal angles.
60.
Which energy transformation occurs in a generator?
A. Electrical → Mechanical
B. Mechanical → Electrical
C. Thermal → Electrical
D. Chemical → Electrical
Answer: B
Rationale: Motion generates electricity.
61.
A ball is thrown upward. At the highest point, its velocity is:
A. Maximum
B. Zero
C. Negative
D. Constant
Answer: B. Zero
Rationale: At peak height, velocity momentarily becomes zero.
62.
At the highest point of motion, acceleration is:
A. Zero
B. Maximum
C. 9.8 m/s² downward
D. Upward
Answer: C
Rationale: Gravity still acts downward.
63.
If net force is zero, an object:
A. Stops
B. Moves with constant velocity
C. Accelerates
D. Changes direction
Answer: B
Rationale: Newton’s First Law.
64.
Which quantity is conserved in all collisions?
A. Kinetic energy
B. Momentum
C. Force
D. Velocity
Answer: B
Rationale: Momentum is always conserved.
65.
In elastic collisions:
A. Only momentum conserved
B. Only energy conserved
C. Both conserved
D. Neither conserved
Answer: C
Rationale: KE and momentum both conserved.
66.
Work done by gravity on a falling object is:
A. Negative
B. Positive
C. Zero
D. Constant
Answer: B
Rationale: Force and motion are in same direction.
67.
Which has maximum gravitational potential energy?
A. Object at ground
B. Object at height
C. Moving object
D. Falling object
Answer: B
Rationale: PE increases with height.
68.
Mechanical energy is:
A. KE only
B. PE only
C. KE + PE
D. Force × time
Answer: C
Rationale: Total mechanical energy.
69.
If friction is present, mechanical energy:
A. Conserved
B. Lost as heat
C. Doubles
D. Increases
Answer: B
Rationale: Converted to thermal energy.
70.
Which quantity determines rotational inertia?
A. Speed
B. Mass distribution
C. Time
D. Energy
Answer: B
Rationale: Depends on how mass is distributed.
71.
Torque is:
A. Force × distance
B. Mass × velocity
C. Energy × time
D. Force × acceleration
Answer: A
Rationale: Rotational equivalent of force.
72.
Angular velocity is measured in:
A. m/s
B. rad/s
C. N
D. J
Answer: B
Rationale: Radians per second.
73.
Which law explains conservation of angular momentum?
A. Newton’s Laws
B. Kepler’s Laws
C. Conservation laws
D. Ohm’s Law
Answer: C
Rationale: Angular momentum conserved in closed systems.
74.
If radius decreases in rotation, angular velocity:
A. Decreases
B. Increases
C. Stays constant
D. Becomes zero
Answer: B
Rationale: Conservation of angular momentum.
75.
Which is a transverse wave?
A. Sound
B. Water surface wave
C. Compression wave
D. Air wave
Answer: B
Rationale: Oscillations perpendicular.
76.
Which is a longitudinal wave?
A. Light
B. Sound
C. Water wave
D. Electromagnetic
Answer: B
Rationale: Oscillations parallel.
77.
Wave interference results in:
A. Reflection
B. Diffraction
C. Superposition
D. Refraction
Answer: C
Rationale: Waves combine.
78.
Constructive interference occurs when waves:
A. Cancel
B. Reinforce
C. Reflect
D. Bend
Answer: B
Rationale: Amplitudes add.
79.
Destructive interference occurs when:
A. Waves reinforce
B. Waves cancel
C. Waves speed up
D. Waves stop
Answer: B
Rationale: Opposite phases cancel.
80.
Electric potential energy depends on:
A. Charge and distance
B. Mass only
C. Velocity
D. Time
Answer: A
Rationale: Depends on interaction of charges.
81.
Capacitance is:
A. Resistance
B. Charge storage ability
C. Voltage
D. Current
Answer: B
Rationale: Stores electric charge.
82.
Unit of capacitance is:
A. Volt
B. Amp
C. Farad
D. Ohm
Answer: C
Rationale: SI unit.
83.
Magnetic force acts on:
A. Stationary charges
B. Moving charges
C. Mass
D. Energy
Answer: B
Rationale: Requires motion.
84.
Which rule determines direction of magnetic force?
A. Left-hand rule
B. Right-hand rule
C. Newton’s law
D. Ohm’s law
Answer: B
Rationale: Used for current and magnetic field.
85.
Induced current is produced by:
A. Constant field
B. Changing magnetic field
C. Static charge
D. Voltage
Answer: B
Rationale: Faraday’s Law.
86.
Which device uses electromagnetic induction?
A. Battery
B. Generator
C. Resistor
D. Capacitor
Answer: B
Rationale: Converts motion to electricity.
87.
Photon energy depends on:
A. Speed
B. Frequency
C. Mass
D. Time
Answer: B
Rationale: E=hfE = hf
88.
Which has highest photon energy?
A. Radio
B. Infrared
C. Visible
D. Gamma
Answer: D
Rationale: Highest frequency.
89.
Photoelectric effect proves light is:
A. Wave only
B. Particle
C. Sound
D. Matter
Answer: B
Rationale: Light behaves as photons.
90.
Which constant relates energy and frequency?
A. Gravitational constant
B. Planck’s constant
C. Coulomb constant
D. Gas constant
Answer: B
Rationale: E=hfE = hf
91.
Pressure is defined as:
A. Force × area
B. Force ÷ area
C. Mass × acceleration
D. Energy ÷ time
Answer: B. Force ÷ area
Rationale: P=FAP = \frac{F}{A}
92.
Unit of pressure is:
A. Newton
B. Joule
C. Pascal
D. Watt
Answer: C
Rationale: SI unit is Pascal (N/m²).
93.
As depth in a fluid increases, pressure:
A. Decreases
B. Increases
C. Stays constant
D. Becomes zero
Answer: B
Rationale: Pressure increases with depth.
94.
Buoyant force depends on:
A. Object mass
B. Fluid density
C. Velocity
D. Time
Answer: B
Rationale: Depends on displaced fluid.
95.
Archimedes’ principle states:
A. Force equals mass
B. Buoyant force equals weight of displaced fluid
C. Energy conserved
D. Pressure constant
Answer: B
Rationale: Fundamental fluid principle.
96.
Bernoulli’s principle relates:
A. Energy and mass
B. Pressure and velocity
C. Force and time
D. Heat and work
Answer: B
Rationale: Faster fluid → lower pressure.
97.
Continuity equation states:
A. Energy conserved
B. Flow rate constant
C. Force constant
D. Pressure constant
Answer: B
Rationale: A1v1=A2v2A_1v_1 = A_2v_2
98.
Heat is:
A. Energy transfer
B. Temperature
C. Force
D. Pressure
Answer: A
Rationale: Transfer due to temperature difference.
99.
Temperature measures:
A. Energy
B. Average kinetic energy
C. Heat
D. Work
Answer: B
Rationale: Molecular motion.
100.
First law of thermodynamics:
A. Energy destroyed
B. Energy conserved
C. Heat lost
D. Work constant
Answer: B
Rationale: Energy conservation.
101.
Which process has no heat exchange?
A. Isothermal
B. Adiabatic
C. Isobaric
D. Isochoric
Answer: B
Rationale: No heat transfer.
102.
Which process occurs at constant temperature?
A. Adiabatic
B. Isothermal
C. Isochoric
D. Isobaric
Answer: B
Rationale: Temperature constant.
103.
Work done by gas equals:
A. Pressure × volume change
B. Mass × velocity
C. Energy × time
D. Force × time
Answer: A
Rationale: W=PΔVW = PΔV
104.
Efficiency of heat engine is:
A. Output/input
B. Input/output
C. Heat/work
D. Energy/time
Answer: A
Rationale: Efficiency = useful output ÷ input.
105.
Second law of thermodynamics states:
A. Energy conserved
B. Entropy increases
C. Heat constant
D. Work zero
Answer: B
Rationale: Disorder increases.
106.
Which process converts heat to work?
A. Refrigerator
B. Heat engine
C. Generator
D. Capacitor
Answer: B
Rationale: Heat engine operation.
107.
Which lens converges light?
A. Concave
B. Convex
C. Flat
D. Diverging
Answer: B
Rationale: Convex lens focuses light.
108.
Which lens diverges light?
A. Convex
B. Concave
C. Plane
D. Thick
Answer: B
Rationale: Spreads rays outward.
109.
Focal point is:
A. Point where rays meet
B. Point of reflection
C. Energy point
D. Center of lens
Answer: A
Rationale: Convergence point.
110.
Image in plane mirror is:
A. Real
B. Inverted
C. Virtual
D. Magnified
Answer: C
Rationale: Cannot be projected.
111.
Which mirror forms real image?
A. Plane
B. Convex
C. Concave
D. Flat
Answer: C
Rationale: Concave can form real images.
112.
Refraction occurs due to:
A. Speed change
B. Direction change only
C. Energy change
D. Mass change
Answer: A
Rationale: Light changes speed in medium.
113.
Snell’s Law relates:
A. Angles and speed
B. Angles and refractive index
C. Force and motion
D. Energy and time
Answer: B
Rationale: n1sinθ1=n2sinθ2n_1 \sinθ_1 = n_2 \sinθ_2
114.
Critical angle occurs when:
A. Reflection
B. Refraction
C. Total internal reflection
D. Absorption
Answer: C
Rationale: Light reflects completely.
115.
Which phenomenon explains fiber optics?
A. Reflection
B. Refraction
C. Total internal reflection
D. Diffraction
Answer: C
Rationale: Light trapped inside.
116.
Diffraction occurs when waves:
A. Reflect
B. Spread through openings
C. Speed up
D. Stop
Answer: B
Rationale: Wave bending.
117.
Interference pattern depends on:
A. Mass
B. Wavelength
C. Time
D. Energy
Answer: B
Rationale: Determines spacing.
118.
Which has shortest wavelength?
A. Radio
B. Microwave
C. X-ray
D. Visible
Answer: C
Rationale: High frequency → short wavelength.
119.
Which phenomenon shows wave nature of light?
A. Photoelectric effect
B. Diffraction
C. Energy
D. Charge
Answer: B
Rationale: Wave behavior.
120.
Which phenomenon shows particle nature of light?
A. Reflection
B. Refraction
C. Photoelectric effect
D. Diffraction
Answer: C
Rationale: Photon behavior.
🚗 Section 1: Motion Graphs (Kinematics)
1.
A position–time graph is a straight line with constant slope. This indicates:
A. Increasing velocity
B. Constant velocity
C. Acceleration
D. Zero motion
Answer: B
Rationale: Slope of position-time = velocity; constant slope = constant velocity.
2.
A position–time graph curves upward (concave up). This indicates:
A. Constant velocity
B. Negative acceleration
C. Positive acceleration
D. Zero acceleration
Answer: C
Rationale: Increasing slope means increasing velocity → acceleration.
3.
A velocity–time graph is horizontal above zero. This means:
A. Object accelerating
B. Object at rest
C. Constant positive velocity
D. Negative velocity
Answer: C
Rationale: Constant velocity → no acceleration.
4.
Area under a velocity–time graph gives:
A. Acceleration
B. Force
C. Displacement
D. Speed
Answer: C
Rationale: Area = displacement.
5.
Slope of a velocity–time graph represents:
A. Speed
B. Distance
C. Acceleration
D. Energy
Answer: C
Rationale: Rate of change of velocity.
6.
If velocity–time graph crosses the time axis:
A. Object stops and reverses direction
B. Acceleration becomes zero
C. Speed increases
D. Force disappears
Answer: A
Rationale: Velocity changes sign → direction changes.
7.
A flat line on acceleration–time graph means:
A. Changing acceleration
B. Constant acceleration
C. Zero velocity
D. Increasing force
Answer: B
Rationale: Constant value = constant acceleration.
8.
Area under acceleration–time graph represents:
A. Displacement
B. Velocity change
C. Force
D. Energy
Answer: B
Rationale: Integral of acceleration = velocity.
9.
If velocity decreases linearly on graph:
A. Constant acceleration
B. Increasing acceleration
C. Zero acceleration
D. Variable force
Answer: A
Rationale: Straight decreasing line → constant negative acceleration.
10.
Steeper slope in position–time graph means:
A. Lower velocity
B. Higher velocity
C. Zero acceleration
D. Constant energy
Answer: B
Rationale: Greater slope = higher velocity.
🔌 Section 2: Circuits & Electricity Graphs
11.
A current vs voltage graph is a straight line through origin. This indicates:
A. Non-ohmic material
B. Constant resistance
C. Increasing resistance
D. Zero current
Answer: B
Rationale: Ohm’s Law behavior.
12.
Slope of I–V graph represents:
A. Resistance
B. Power
C. Conductance
D. Voltage
Answer: C
Rationale: Slope = I/V = 1/R.
13.
A steeper I–V graph means:
A. Higher resistance
B. Lower resistance
C. Higher voltage
D. Lower current
Answer: B
Rationale: Greater slope = more current per voltage.
14.
A curved I–V graph indicates:
A. Ohmic behavior
B. Constant resistance
C. Non-ohmic device
D. Zero resistance
Answer: C
Rationale: Resistance changes with voltage.
15.
In power vs current graph, power increases with:
A. Current squared
B. Current
C. Voltage only
D. Time
Answer: A
Rationale: P=I2RP = I^2 R
16.
A horizontal line in current-time graph means:
A. Changing current
B. Constant current
C. Zero current
D. Increasing voltage
Answer: B
Rationale: No change over time.
17.
Area under current-time graph represents:
A. Voltage
B. Resistance
C. Charge
D. Power
Answer: C
Rationale: Q=ItQ = It
18.
If resistance increases, I–V graph slope:
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Stays same
D. Doubles
Answer: B
Rationale: Slope = 1/R.
19.
A vertical line in I–V graph means:
A. Constant voltage
B. Infinite resistance
C. Zero resistance
D. Constant current
Answer: A
Rationale: Voltage fixed.
20.
A horizontal I–V line indicates:
A. Infinite resistance
B. Zero resistance
C. Constant current
D. Variable voltage
Answer: C
Rationale: Current unchanged.
🔍 Section 3: Optics & Wave Graphs
21.
A wave graph with higher peaks indicates:
A. Higher frequency
B. Greater amplitude
C. Lower wavelength
D. Lower energy
Answer: B
Rationale: Amplitude = height of wave.
22.
Shorter wavelength on graph means:
A. Lower frequency
B. Higher frequency
C. Lower speed
D. No change
Answer: B
Rationale: Frequency inversely proportional to wavelength.
23.
A wave with larger frequency has:
A. Longer wavelength
B. Shorter wavelength
C. Lower energy
D. Same speed
Answer: B
Rationale: v=fλv = fλ
24.
Intensity of light depends on:
A. Frequency
B. Amplitude squared
C. Wavelength
D. Speed
Answer: B
Rationale: Intensity ∝ amplitude².
25.
Constructive interference graph shows:
A. Cancellation
B. Larger amplitude
C. Smaller amplitude
D. Zero wave
Answer: B
Rationale: Waves add.
26.
Destructive interference graph shows:
A. Larger peaks
B. Cancellation
C. Increased frequency
D. Increased speed
Answer: B
Rationale: Waves cancel out.
27.
A ray diagram with converging rays indicates:
A. Concave lens
B. Convex lens
C. Flat mirror
D. Diverging mirror
Answer: B
Rationale: Convex lens focuses light.
28.
Parallel rays reflecting and spreading indicate:
A. Plane mirror
B. Concave mirror
C. Convex mirror
D. Prism
Answer: C
Rationale: Convex mirror diverges rays.
29.
A graph showing angle of incidence vs reflection is:
A. Curved
B. Linear
C. Exponential
D. Random
Answer: B
Rationale: Equal angles → straight line.
30.
Refraction graph showing bending toward normal indicates:
A. Lower density medium
B. Higher density medium
C. No change
D. Reflection
Answer: B
Rationale: Light slows in denser medium.